SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Displaced aggression</title>

</head>

Displaced aggression

</h1>

</header>

Displaced aggression, also referred to as redirected aggression, occurs when an animal or human is fearful or agitated by <a href="External_stimulus" class="mw-redirect" title="External stimulus">external stimuli</a>, a <a href="Provocation_(law)" title="Provocation (law)">provocation</a>, or <a href="Perception" title="Perception">perception</a>, but is unable or unwilling to direct their aggression toward the stimulus. The aggressor may direct aggression toward whoever is nearest. The behavior is more common in cats than it is in dogs. In certain species of monkeys anger is redirected toward a relative or friend of an opponent. In <a href="Cichlid_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Cichlid fish">cichlid fish</a>, it may be used to manage conflict within the group. Displaced aggression is experienced by humans and animals.

Displaced aggression can also be known as triggered displaced aggression which is defined by a person being triggered, or provoked, by another to cause a display of <a href="Negative_affectivity" title="Negative affectivity">negative emotion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> These outbursts of negative emotion are a result of not being able to control emotions and letting one's anger build over time. What makes triggered displaced aggression different is that there is the provocation, which is what causes one to be angry, and the provocation which leads to the reaction; the aggressive reaction often goes beyond the magnitude of these two components combined.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_other_animals">In other animals</h2></div>

Redirected aggression is a common form of aggression which can occur in multiple cat households. Usually there is some stimulus that agitates: this could be a sight, sound, or another source of stimuli which causes a heightened level of anxiety or arousal. If the cat cannot attack the stimulus, it may direct anger elsewhere by attacking or directing aggression to the nearest cat, dog, human or other being.<a href="#cite_note-Horwitz-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Behaviorist-2">[2]</a> Redirected aggression is more common in cats than in dogs.<a href="#cite_note-Overall-5">[5]</a>

Aggressive behavior in dogs is often rooted in fear.<a href="#cite_note-AKC-6">[6]</a> It is thought that a dog may go into a state of self-protection when it feels threatened.<a href="#cite_note-Bowen-7">[7]</a> Some dogs may also become overstimulated or feel frustrated when they cannot get to the stimuli, which causes anxiety or fear. The dog may divert their anger toward their owner in what is referred to as a redirected bite.<a href="#cite_note-AKC-6">[6]</a>

In some cases, dogs may be frustrated by being unable to go after prey, and they turn on the owner in what is redirected aggression.<a href="#cite_note-LS-8">[8]</a> One woman, Bethany Lynn Stephens, was killed by her own two dogs, which were both <a href="Pit_Bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Pit Bull">Pit Bull</a>; the incident has been referred to as a possible case of dogs redirecting aggression.<a href="#cite_note-LS-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Phillips-9">[9]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elephants">Elephants</h3></div>

Some solitary adolescent male elephants (10 to 15 years old) were observed bashing vegetation or charging other non-threatening animals in what is thought to be a form of redirected aggression.<a href="#cite_note-Scientist-10">[10]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monkeys">Monkeys</h3></div>

The behavior has also been observed in monkeys of the rhesus macaques (<a href="Macaca_mulatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaca mulatta">Macaca mulatta</a>) and <a href="Vervet_monkey" title="Vervet monkey">vervet</a> and yellow baboon (<a href="Papio_cynocephalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Papio cynocephalus">Papio cynocephalus</a>) species. In the case of the rhesus macaques, and vervets, the redirected anger is not toward a random monkey, it is toward a relative of the monkey's opponent. In yellow baboons (known to form long-term friendships) the redirected anger was toward the rival baboon's friends.<a href="#cite_note-Real-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cichlid_fish">Cichlid fish</h3></div>

The behavior has been observed in <a href="Cichlid_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Cichlid fish">cichlid fish</a> <a href="Julidochromis_regani" class="mw-redirect" title="Julidochromis regani">Julidochromis regani</a>, which is considered a social fish living in groups. Observing the fish, researchers noted that after an attack the target fish redirected aggression toward a third party fish, diverting the aggressor's attention toward the third party. This behavior was observed in the females of the species. The researchers also noted that the redirected aggression did not delay aggression from the original aggressor. Their conclusion was that redirected aggression is used to manage conflict in social fish.<a href="#cite_note-Ito-12">[12]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_humans">In humans</h2></div>

Displaced aggression is not only experienced by animals; it is also experienced by humans.<a href="#cite_note-Pillay-13">[13]</a> It may also take the form of <a href="Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">scapegoating</a>. Much like redirected aggression in animals a target of aggression or provocation directs their anger at a third party. Usually this is because it is either not possible or perhaps unwise to return or direct aggression to the original source of provocation.<a href="#cite_note-Displaced-14">[14]</a> In example, a victim attacks an uninvolved third party who had little to do with the victimization. Often the target of redirected aggression is a weaker or smaller person.<a href="#cite_note-Barash-15">[15]</a>

Displaced aggression can take the form of <a href="Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pillay-13">[13]</a> In the United States, ten million people per year—one in three women and one in ten men 18 years of age or older—experience domestic violence.<a href="#cite_note-Huecker-16">[16]</a> Domestic abusers have been found to display this aggression when they are stressed or provoked and rumination plays a vital role in higher levels of aggression.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Rumination is the repetitive dwelling on negative emotions and what caused their negative feelings.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

This type of thinking is also involved in mood disorders like <a href="Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a> and <a href="Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>. Those that have depression often experience rumination by repeatedly thinking and dwelling on their depressive symptoms and the causes of their symptoms leading to a lack of control of their mental states.<a href="#cite_note-:02-19">[19]</a> This can also be seen in individuals who experience anxiety as rumination is often one of the many symptoms of this disorder.<a href="#cite_note-:02-19">[19]</a> Because there is relationship between these disorders and rumination, individuals who suffer from them will often have bouts of displaced aggression as a result of them not having full control over their thoughts and emotions.

<a href="Road_rage" title="Road rage">Road rage</a> is another example of displaced aggression; the <a href="American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a> states that factors such as crowded roads can boost anger behind the wheel causing displaced anger.<a href="#cite_note-APA-20">[20]</a> According to Displaced Aggression Theory by criminal lawyer Kenneth Padowitz, traffic on the roads can cause people to take their aggression out on uninvolved drivers. Year over year there is a seven percent increase in reported cases of road rage in the United States. Frustrated or impatient drivers often operate recklessly by speeding and cutting off others.<a href="#cite_note-Padowitz-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Perry-22">[22]</a>

Ingesting alcohol can also cause displays of displaced aggression as it lowers <a href="Inhibitory_control" title="Inhibitory control">inhibitions</a> and increases aggressive behavior. If one is intoxicated, it has been shown that a notable trigger, like an insult, will lead to a higher degree of aggression than those who are sober and have full control of themselves.<a href="#cite_note-:03-23">[23]</a> However, under heavy intoxication the level of aggression and display of displaced aggression will fade as inhibitions are so low it is hard for one to notice such a trigger.<a href="#cite_note-:03-23">[23]</a> Displays of displaced aggression also come from a sense of incompetency and threats to our beliefs about our <a href="Self-efficacy" title="Self-efficacy">self-efficacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-24">[24]</a> Humans tend to think of themselves as <a href="Self-sufficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficient">self-sufficient</a> and establish goals they strive towards, and when there are obstacles in the way of these goals, their sense of self-efficacy is often harmed. A depleted sense of self-efficacy and frustration in reaching goals motivates displaced aggression as there is often not a way to take out this aggression on what is blocking one from reaching their set goal.<a href="#cite_note-:1-24">[24]</a>

In the case of human groups or communities the aggression may be directed at a local minority population. This behavior has been observed in redirected aggression toward immigrants in the form of <a href="Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Barash-15">[15]</a> and is another example of scapegoating.<a href="#cite_note-Displaced-14">[14]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategies">Strategies</h2></div>

The agitated animal must be avoided until it is no longer angry.<a href="#cite_note-Horwitz-1">[1]</a> The animal's access to whatever the stimulus was should be restricted.<a href="#cite_note-Tribune-25">[25]</a>

One strategy humans can deploy to mediate displays of displaced aggression is mindfulness. Although it seems simple, a sense of mindfulness is associated with lower levels of hostility and aggression, both verbal and physical.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Having a sense of mindfulness, put simply, is being aware of your emotions and how you are displaying them. A part of this is being able to recognize when the aggression begins to take control and having ways to manage this aggression. This can include calling a loved one, meditating, and writing down what caused this anger. Humans should avoid getting involved by interfering in fights or using physical punishment as a corrective tool. The person may be considered the threat in those scenarios.<a href="#cite_note-Bowen-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFHorwitz2022" class="citation news cs1">Horwitz, Debra (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/cat-behavior-problems-aggression-redirected#:~:text=What%20is%20redirected%20aggression%3F,cat%20out%20on%20the%20property.">"Cat Behavior Problems – Aggression Redirected"</a>. VCA Animal Hospitals. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319184510/https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/cat-behavior-problems-aggression-redirected#:~:text=What%20is%20redirected%20aggression%3F,cat%20out%20on%20the%20property.">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Behaviorist-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Behaviorist_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behaviorist_2-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFJohnson2014" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Ingrid (17 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iaabc.org/cat/redirected-aggression-in-cats">"Redirected Aggression in Cats: Recognition and Treatment Strategies"</a>. International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307001045/https://iaabc.org/cat/redirected-aggression-in-cats">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-3"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBushmanHuesmann2010" class="citation cs2">Bushman, Brad J.; Huesmann, L. Rowell (30 June 2010), Fiske, Susan T.; Gilbert, Daniel T.; Lindzey, Gardner (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002023">"Aggression"</a>, Handbook of Social Psychology, Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. socpsy002023, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470561119.socpsy002023">10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002023</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-470-56111-9</bdi>, retrieved 11 April 2023</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMillerPedersenEarleywinePollock2003" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Norman; Pedersen, William C.; Earleywine, Mitchell; Pollock, Vicki E. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/71536430">"A Theoretical Model of Triggered Displaced Aggression"</a>. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 7 (1): 75. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1207%2FS15327957PSPR0701_5">10.1207/S15327957PSPR0701_5</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1088-8683">1088-8683</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12584058">12584058</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37317919">37317919</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Overall-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Overall_5-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFOverall2013" class="citation book cs1">Overall, Karen L. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HHoK9PKpqn4C&dq=redirected+aggression&pg=PA686">Manual of clinical behavioral medicine for dogs and cats</a>. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. p. 686. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0323008907</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616023728/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Manual_of_Clinical_Behavioral_Medicine_f/HHoK9PKpqn4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=redirected+aggression&pg=PA686&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-AKC-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AKC_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AKC_6-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFLowrey2021" class="citation news cs1">Lowrey, Sassafras (1 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/training/why-do-dogs-bite/">"Why Do Dogs Bite? Understanding the Reasons Why Dogs React"</a>. The American Kennel Club, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220606202245/https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/training/why-do-dogs-bite/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Bowen-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowen_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowen_7-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFBowenHeath2005" class="citation book cs1">Bowen, Jon; Heath, Sarah (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aRpgViLvf1oC&dq=redirected+aggression&pg=PA127">Behaviour problems in small animals : practical advice for the veterinary team</a>. Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders. p. 127. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0702027673</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616023728/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Behaviour_Problems_in_Small_Animals/aRpgViLvf1oC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=redirected+aggression&pg=PA127&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-LS-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LS_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LS_8-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFRettner2017" class="citation news cs1">Rettner, Rachael (20 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/61241-how-often-do-dogs-maul-owners.html">"Dog-Mauling Death: Why Dogs Turn on Their Owners"</a>. Live science. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201202556/https://www.livescience.com/61241-how-often-do-dogs-maul-owners.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Phillips-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Phillips_9-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPhillips2017" class="citation news cs1">Phillips, Kristine (19 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/animalia/wp/2017/12/19/people-couldnt-believe-two-dogs-killed-their-owner-so-the-sheriff-described-the-horror/">"People couldn't believe two dogs killed their owner. So the sheriff described the horror"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210203220950/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/animalia/wp/2017/12/19/people-couldnt-believe-two-dogs-killed-their-owner-so-the-sheriff-described-the-horror/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Scientist-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Scientist_10-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFLesté-Lasserre2021" class="citation news cs1">Lesté-Lasserre, Christa (22 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2302675-young-male-elephants-rein-in-aggression-if-older-males-are-nearby/">"Young male elephants rein in aggression if older males are nearby"</a>. New Scientist Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222212945/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2302675-young-male-elephants-rein-in-aggression-if-older-males-are-nearby/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Real-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Real_11-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFReal1994" class="citation book cs1">Real, Leslie A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vzrZsbCR8gcC&dq=redirected+aggression&pg=PA375">Behavioral mechanisms in evolutionary ecology</a> (1st ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 375. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0226705972</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616023750/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Behavioral_Mechanisms_in_Evolutionary_Ec/vzrZsbCR8gcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=redirected+aggression&pg=PA375&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Ito-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Ito_12-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFItoYamaguchiKutsukake2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ito, MH; Yamaguchi, M; Kutsukake, N (31 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5805954">"Redirected aggression as a conflict management tactic in the social cichlid fish Julidochromis regani"</a>. Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 285 (1871). <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2017.2681">10.1098/rspb.2017.2681</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5805954">5805954</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29386369">29386369</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Pillay-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pillay_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pillay_13-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFPillay2021" class="citation news cs1">Pillay, Srini (4 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/debunking-myths-the-mind/202112/why-people-take-their-anger-out-others">"Why People Take Their Anger Out on Others"</a>. Psychology Today. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Displaced-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Displaced_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Displaced_14-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/antisocial-behavior/displaced-aggression/">"Displaced Aggression"</a>. Psychology. 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Barash-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barash_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barash_15-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFBarash2022" class="citation book cs1">Barash, David P. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Oig9EAAAQBAJ&dq=redirected+aggression+in+people&pg=PA149">Peace and conflict studies</a> (Fifth ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. p. 151. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1544369051</bdi>. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Huecker-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Huecker_16-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHueckerKingJordanSmock2022" class="citation book cs1">Huecker, MR; King, KC; Jordan, GA; Smock, W (January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499891/">Domestic Violence</a>. StatPearls. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29763066">29763066</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDensonPedersenMiller2006" class="citation journal cs1">Denson, Thomas F.; Pedersen, William C.; Miller, Norman (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0022-3514.90.6.1032">"The displaced aggression questionnaire"</a>. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 90 (6): 1032–1051. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0022-3514.90.6.1032">10.1037/0022-3514.90.6.1032</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1939-1315">1939-1315</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16784350">16784350</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSansoneSansone2012" class="citation book cs1">Sansone, Randy A.; Sansone, Lori A. (30 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119962229.ch17">"The Eating Disorders"</a>. Clinical Child Psychiatry. pp. 289–304. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781119962229.ch17">10.1002/9781119962229.ch17</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781119993346</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:02-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_19-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0101719.supp">"Supplemental Material for Specificity of Rumination in Anxiety and Depression: A Multimodal Meta-Analysis"</a>. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 2013. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fh0101719.supp">10.1037/h0101719.supp</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0969-5893">0969-5893</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-APA-20"><a href="#cite_ref-APA_20-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apa.org/topics/anger/road-rage">"The fast and the furious Psychologists figure out who gets road rage and find ways to calm them down"</a>. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Padowitz-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Padowitz_21-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPadowitz2015" class="citation web cs1">Padowitz, Kenneth (17 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psychology-criminalbehavior-law.com/2015/01/displaced-aggression-theory-road-rage/">"Displaced Aggression Theory"</a>. Psychology Criminal Behavior. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Perry-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Perry_22-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPerry2015" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Len (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NzgVCwAAQBAJ&dq=displaced+aggression+road+rage&pg=PA956">Mental health and mental disorders : an encyclopedia of conditions, treatments, and well-being</a>. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 956. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1440803826</bdi>. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:03-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_23-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFDensonAvilesPollockEarleywine2007" class="citation journal cs1">Denson, Thomas F.; Aviles, Fredy E.; Pollock, Vicki E.; Earleywine, Mitch; Vasquez, Eduardo A.; Miller, Norman (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.20177">"The effects of alcohol and the salience of aggressive cues on triggered displaced aggression"</a>. Aggressive Behavior. 34 (1): 25–33. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fab.20177">10.1002/ab.20177</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0096-140X">0096-140X</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17486573">17486573</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:1-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_24-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFLeanderChartrand2017" class="citation journal cs1">Leander, N. Pontus; Chartrand, Tanya L. (1 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103117300215">"On thwarted goals and displaced aggression: A compensatory competence model"</a>. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 72: 88–100. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jesp.2017.04.010">10.1016/j.jesp.2017.04.010</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-1031">0022-1031</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149412064">149412064</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Tribune-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Tribune_25-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRosenthal2020" class="citation news cs1">Rosenthal, Cathy M. (12 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/pets/sns-how-to-deal-with-aggression-among-cats-20200512-zsbdl4ayhjhz7er6qqlhm6nrr4-story.html">"How to deal with redirected aggression among cats"</a>. Chicago Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210621213520/https://www.chicagotribune.com/pets/sns-how-to-deal-with-aggression-among-cats-20200512-zsbdl4ayhjhz7er6qqlhm6nrr4-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBordersEarleywineJajodia2010" class="citation journal cs1">Borders, Ashley; Earleywine, Mitch; Jajodia, Archana (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/25429937">"Could mindfulness decrease anger, hostility, and aggression by decreasing rumination?"</a>. Aggressive Behavior. 36 (1): 28–44. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fab.20327">10.1002/ab.20327</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0096-140X">0096-140X</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19851983">19851983</a>.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bullying214" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Bullying214" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abusive_supervision" title="Abusive supervision">Abusive supervision</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">Cyberbullying</a></li>

<li><a href="Disability_abuse" title="Disability abuse">Disability bullying</a></li>

<li><a href="Doxing" title="Doxing">Doxing</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_bullying" title="LGBTQ bullying">LGBTQ bullying</a></li>

<li><a href="Hazing" title="Hazing">Hazing</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullying_in_the_military" title="Bullying in the military">Military bullying</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobbing" title="Mobbing">Mobbing</a></li>

<li><a href="Parental_bullying_of_children" class="mw-redirect" title="Parental bullying of children">Parental bullying of children</a></li>

<li><a href="Peer_victimization" title="Peer victimization">Peer victimization</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullying#Prison_bullying" title="Bullying">Prison bullying</a></li>

<li><a href="Relational_aggression" title="Relational aggression">Relational aggression</a></li>

<li><a href="School_bullying" title="School bullying">School bullying</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bullying_of_students_in_higher_education" title="Bullying of students in higher education">Higher education</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_bullying" title="Sexual bullying">Sexual bullying</a></li>

<li><a href="Workplace_harassment" title="Workplace harassment">Workplace harassment</a></li>

<li><a href="Workplace_bullying" title="Workplace bullying">Workplace bullying</a>

<ul><li><a href="Workplace_bullying_in_academia" title="Workplace bullying in academia">Academia</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullying_in_information_technology" title="Bullying in information technology">Information technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_aspects_of_workplace_bullying" title="Legal aspects of workplace bullying">Legal aspects</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullying_in_the_legal_profession" title="Bullying in the legal profession">Legal profession</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullying_in_medicine" title="Bullying in medicine">Medicine</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullying_in_nursing" title="Bullying in nursing">Nursing</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullying_in_teaching" title="Bullying in teaching">Teaching</a></li>

<li><a href="Toxic_leader" title="Toxic leader">Toxic leader</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">Toxic workplace</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Betrayal" title="Betrayal">Betrayal</a></li>

<li><a href="Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting">Blacklisting</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullying_and_emotional_intelligence" title="Bullying and emotional intelligence">Bullying and emotional intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Character_assassination" title="Character assassination">Character assassination</a></li>

<li><a href="Coercion" title="Coercion">Coercion</a></li>

<li><a href="Culture_of_fear" title="Culture of fear">Culture of fear</a></li>

<li><a href="Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li>

<li><a href="Destabilisation" title="Destabilisation">Destabilisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Smear_campaign" title="Smear campaign">Discrediting</a></li>

<li><a href="Embarrassment" title="Embarrassment">Embarrassment</a></li>

<li><a href="False_accusation" title="False accusation">False accusation</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">Gaslighting</a></li>

<li><a href="Gossip" title="Gossip">Gossip</a></li>

<li><a href="Harassment" title="Harassment">Harassment</a></li>

<li><a href="Humiliation" title="Humiliation">Humiliation</a></li>

<li><a href="Incivility" title="Incivility">Incivility</a></li>

<li><a href="Intimidation" title="Intimidation">Intimidation</a></li>

<li><a href="Mind_games" title="Mind games">Mind games</a></li>

<li><a href="Moving_the_goalposts" title="Moving the goalposts">Moving the goalposts</a></li>

<li><a href="Nagging" title="Nagging">Nagging</a></li>

<li><a href="Name_calling" title="Name calling">Name calling</a></li>

<li><a href="Ad_hominem" title="Ad hominem">Personal attacks</a></li>

<li><a href="Physical_abuse" title="Physical abuse">Physical abuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychological_abuse" title="Psychological abuse">Psychological abuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Rudeness" title="Rudeness">Rudeness</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarcasm" title="Sarcasm">Sarcasm</a></li>

<li><a href="Screaming" title="Screaming">Screaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Shame" title="Shame">Shame</a></li>

<li><a href="Smear_campaign" title="Smear campaign">Smear campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_undermining" title="Social undermining">Social undermining</a></li>

<li><a href="Swatting" title="Swatting">Swatting</a></li>

<li><a href="Taunting" title="Taunting">Taunting</a></li>

<li><a href="Workplace_incivility" title="Workplace incivility">Workplace incivility</a></li>

<li><a href="Verbal_abuse" title="Verbal abuse">Verbal abuse</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Act_Against_Bullying" title="Act Against Bullying">Act Against Bullying</a></li>

<li><a href="Ban_Bossy" title="Ban Bossy">Ban Bossy</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullying_UK" title="Bullying UK">Bullying UK</a></li>

<li><a href="Bystander_Revolution" title="Bystander Revolution">Bystander Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Canadian_Centre_for_Gender_and_Sexual_Diversity" title="Canadian Centre for Gender and Sexual Diversity">Canadian Centre for Gender and Sexual Diversity</a></li>

<li><a href="Ditch_the_Label" title="Ditch the Label">Ditch the Label</a></li>

<li><a href="GRIN_Campaign" title="GRIN Campaign">GRIN Campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="It_Gets_Better_Project" title="It Gets Better Project">It Gets Better Project</a></li>

<li><a href="Kidscape" title="Kidscape">Kidscape</a></li>

<li><a href="Society_Against_Violence_in_Education" title="Society Against Violence in Education">Society Against Violence in Education</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anna_Costanza_Baldry" title="Anna Costanza Baldry">Anna Costanza Baldry</a></li>

<li><a href="Wendy_Craig_(psychologist)" title="Wendy Craig (psychologist)">Wendy Craig</a></li>

<li><a href="Dorothy_Espelage" title="Dorothy Espelage">Dorothy Espelage</a></li>

<li><a href="David_P._Farrington" title="David P. Farrington">David P. Farrington</a></li>

<li><a href="Shelley_Hymel" title="Shelley Hymel">Shelley Hymel</a></li>

<li><a href="Heinz_Leymann" title="Heinz Leymann">Heinz Leymann</a></li>

<li><a href="Gary_Namie" title="Gary Namie">Gary Namie</a></li>

<li><a href="James_O'Higgins_Norman" title="James O'Higgins Norman">James O'Higgins Norman</a></li>

<li><a href="Dan_Olweus" title="Dan Olweus">Dan Olweus</a></li>

<li><a href="Debra_Pepler" title="Debra Pepler">Debra Pepler</a></li>

<li><a href="Christina_Salmivalli" title="Christina Salmivalli">Christina Salmivalli</a></li>

<li><a href="Kenneth_Westhues" title="Kenneth Westhues">Kenneth Westhues</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andrea_Adams" title="Andrea Adams">Andrea Adams</a></li>

<li><a href="Louise_Burfitt-Dons" title="Louise Burfitt-Dons">Louise Burfitt-Dons</a></li>

<li><a href="Tim_Field" title="Tim Field">Tim Field</a></li>

<li><a href="SuEllen_Fried" title="SuEllen Fried">SuEllen Fried</a></li>

<li><a href="Liam_Hackett" title="Liam Hackett">Liam Hackett</a></li>

<li><a href="Lizzie_Vel%C3%A1squez" title="Lizzie Velásquez">Lizzie Velásquez</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anti-Bullying_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bullying Day">Anti-Bullying Day</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Bullying_Week" title="Anti-Bullying Week">Anti-Bullying Week</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-bullying_legislation" title="Anti-bullying legislation">Anti-bullying legislation</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Day_of_Pink" title="International Day of Pink">International Day of Pink</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Stand_Up_to_Bullying_Day" title="International Stand Up to Bullying Day">International Stand Up to Bullying Day</a></li>

<li><a href="Think_Before_You_Speak_(campaign)" title="Think Before You Speak (campaign)">Think Before You Speak</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable <a href="Bullying_and_suicide" title="Bullying and suicide">suicides</a> (<a href="List_of_suicides_that_have_been_attributed_to_bullying" class="mw-redirect" title="List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Suicide_of_William_Arthur_Gibbs" title="Suicide of William Arthur Gibbs">William Arthur Gibbs</a> (1877)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Kelly_Yeomans" title="Suicide of Kelly Yeomans">Kelly Yeomans</a> (1997)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Hamed_Nastoh" title="Suicide of Hamed Nastoh">Hamed Nastoh</a> (2000)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Dawn-Marie_Wesley" title="Suicide of Dawn-Marie Wesley">Dawn-Marie Wesley</a> (2000)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Nicola_Ann_Raphael" title="Suicide of Nicola Ann Raphael">Nicola Ann Raphael</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Ryan_Halligan" title="Suicide of Ryan Halligan">Ryan Halligan</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Megan_Meier" title="Suicide of Megan Meier">Megan Meier</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Sladjana_Vidovic" title="Suicide of Sladjana Vidovic">Sladjana Vidovic</a> (2008)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Phoebe_Prince" title="Suicide of Phoebe Prince">Phoebe Prince</a> (2010)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Tyler_Clementi" title="Suicide of Tyler Clementi">Tyler Clementi</a> (2010)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Jamey_Rodemeyer" title="Suicide of Jamey Rodemeyer">Jamey Rodemeyer</a> (2011)</li>

<li><a href="Allan_Hubley#Family" title="Allan Hubley">Jamie Hubley</a> (2011)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Kenneth_Weishuhn" title="Suicide of Kenneth Weishuhn">Kenneth Weishuhn</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Audrie_Pott" title="Suicide of Audrie Pott">Audrie Pott</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Amanda_Todd" title="Suicide of Amanda Todd">Amanda Todd</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Jadin_Bell" title="Suicide of Jadin Bell">Jadin Bell</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Rehtaeh_Parsons" title="Suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons">Rehtaeh Parsons</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Rebecca_Sedwick" title="Suicide of Rebecca Sedwick">Rebecca Sedwick</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Leelah_Alcorn" title="Leelah Alcorn">Leelah Alcorn</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Death_of_Conrad_Roy" title="Death of Conrad Roy">Conrad Roy</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Suicide_of_Tyrone_Unsworth" title="Suicide of Tyrone Unsworth">Tyrone Unsworth</a> (2016)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Murder%E2%80%93suicide" title="Murder–suicide">Murder–suicides</a> (incidents)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Eric_Harris_and_Dylan_Klebold" title="Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold">Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold</a>

<ul><li><a href="Columbine_High_School_massacre" title="Columbine High School massacre">Columbine</a>, 1999</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Jeff_Weise" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Weise">Jeff Weise</a>

<li><a href="Seung-Hui_Cho" title="Seung-Hui Cho">Seung-Hui Cho</a>

<ul><li><a href="Virginia_Tech_shooting" title="Virginia Tech shooting">Virginia Tech</a>, 2007</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Jokela_school_shooting#Perpetrator" title="Jokela school shooting">Pekka-Eric Auvinen</a>

<ul><li><a href="Jokela_school_shooting" title="Jokela school shooting">Jokela High School</a>, 2007</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kauhajoki_school_shooting#Perpetrator" title="Kauhajoki school shooting">Matti Juhani Saari</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kauhajoki_school_shooting" title="Kauhajoki school shooting">Kauhajoki School of Hospitality</a>, 2008</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="2013_Sparks_Middle_School_shooting#Perpetrator" title="2013 Sparks Middle School shooting">Jose Horacio Reyes</a>

<ul><li><a href="2013_Sparks_Middle_School_shooting" title="2013 Sparks Middle School shooting">Sparks Middle School</a>, 2013</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Elliot_Rodger" title="Elliot Rodger">Elliot Rodger</a>

<ul><li><a href="2014_Isla_Vista_killings" title="2014 Isla Vista killings">Isla Vista</a>, 2014</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Emotional_blackmail" title="Emotional blackmail">Emotional blackmail</a></li>

<li><a href="Just-world_fallacy" title="Just-world fallacy">Just-world fallacy</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_LGBT-related_suicides" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT-related suicides">List of LGBT-related suicides</a></li>

<li><a href="Machiavellianism_in_the_workplace" title="Machiavellianism in the workplace">Machiavellianism in the workplace</a></li>

<li><a href="Narcissism_in_the_workplace" title="Narcissism in the workplace">Narcissism in the workplace</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_boundaries" title="Personal boundaries">Personal boundaries</a></li>

<li><a href="Personality_disorder" title="Personality disorder">Personality disorders</a></li>

<li><a href="Playing_the_victim" title="Playing the victim">Playing the victim</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychopathy_in_the_workplace" title="Psychopathy in the workplace">Psychopathy in the workplace</a></li>

<li><a href="Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-esteem" title="Self-esteem">Self-esteem</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_dominance_orientation" title="Social dominance orientation">Social dominance orientation</a></li>

<li><a href="Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people" title="Suicide among LGBTQ people">Suicide among LGBTQ people</a></li>

<li><a href="Victim_blaming" title="Victim blaming">Victim blaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Victimology" title="Victimology">Victimology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-29" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Displaced_aggression&oldid=1303156841">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>